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<h1>HPACK (RFC 7541)</h1>
<p>- Header Compression for HTTP/2</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2">
<h1>http/1.1</h1>
<h2>Request</h2>
<pre><code><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-keyword">GET</span> <span class="hljs-string">/path</span> HTTP/1.1
<span class="hljs-attribute">Host</span>: www.example.com
<span class="hljs-attribute">Accept-Encoding</span>: gzip, deflate,br
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="3">
<h1>http/1.1</h1>
<h2>Response</h2>
<pre><code><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap>HTTP/1.1 <span class="hljs-number">200</span> OK
<span class="hljs-attribute">Accept-Ranges</span>: bytes
<span class="hljs-attribute">Content-Length</span>: 438
<span class="hljs-attribute">Content-Type</span>: text/html; charset=UTF-8
<span class="hljs-attribute">Content-Encoding</span>: gzip
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="4">
<h1>PROS</h1>
<ul>
<li>Easy to support, works both ways</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5">
<h1>CONS</h1>
<ul>
<li>Different algorithms have different implementations</li>
<li>Does not support header compression</li>
<li>Multiple security issues, via chosen-plaintext attacks.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6">
<p>Unrelated: There's also TLS compression (don't use it)</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7">
<h1>hpack</h1>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8">
<h1>core ideas</h1>
<ol>
<li>most web requests will have fairly similar headers.</li>
<li>should be fast.</li>
<li>reduce complexity or implementation issues.</li>
<li>ignore encoding, focus on a correct decoding.</li>
<li>&quot;streaming&quot;</li>
</ol>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9">
<h1>important-to-note</h1>
<ol>
<li>Headers can be repeated</li>
<li>Headers are an Ordered List</li>
</ol>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10">
<h1>Static Table</h1>
<p>Generated by frequency of header fields on popular websites.</p>
<pre><code><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap>+-------+-----------------------------+---------------+
|<span class="hljs-string"> Index </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> Header Name </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> Header Value </span>|
+-------+-----------------------------+---------------+
|<span class="hljs-string"> 1 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :authority </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 2 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :method </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> GET </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 3 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :method </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> POST </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 4 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :path </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> / </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 5 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :path </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> /index.html </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 6 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :scheme </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> http </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 7 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :scheme </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> https </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 8 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :status </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> 200 </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 9 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :status </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> 204 </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 10 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :status </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> 206 </span>|
|<span class="hljs-string"> 11 </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> :status </span>|<span class="hljs-string"> 304 </span>|
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11">
<h1>Index Address Space</h1>
<pre><code><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap> &lt;<span class="hljs-params">----------</span> Index Address Space <span class="hljs-params">----------</span>&gt;
&lt;-- Static Table --&gt; &lt;-- Dynamic Table --&gt;
+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">-----------</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+ +<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">-----------</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+
| 1 | <span class="hljs-string">...</span> | s | |s+1| <span class="hljs-string">...</span> |s+k|
+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">-----------</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+ +<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">-----------</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+
^ |
| V
Insertion Point Dropping Point
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
<h1>Representation</h1>
<p>A header field(=<code>name+value</code>) can be represented as:</p>
<h2>an index</h2>
<p>is a reference to either:</p>
<ul>
<li>the static table</li>
<li>the dynamic table</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12">
<h2>or a literal (1)</h2>
<p>the header field name can be represented</p>
<ul>
<li>literally</li>
<li>a reference to either tables</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13">
<h1>or a literal (2)</h1>
<p>the header value is represented literally and</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>ADD</strong> it to the dynamic table</li>
<li><strong>DON'T ADD</strong> it to the dynamic table</li>
<li><strong>NEVER ADD</strong> it to the dynamic table</li>
</ol>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14">
<h1>a literal</h1>
<p>can be presented in two forms:</p>
<ol>
<li>directly</li>
<li>using a Huffman code</li>
</ol>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="15">
<h1>decisions while parsing</h1>
<ul>
<li>do a table lookup
<ul>
<li>static table</li>
<li>dynamic table</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>read it literally
<ul>
<li>directly</li>
<li>using the huffman code</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Almost is encoded as a integer or as a string</p>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16">
<h1>literal representation</h1>
<pre><code><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+
| H | String Length <span class="hljs-params">(7+)</span> |
+<span class="hljs-params">---</span>+<span class="hljs-params">---------------------------</span>+
| String Data <span class="hljs-params">(Length octets)</span> |
+<span class="hljs-params">-------------------------------</span>+
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
<p>H=1 -&gt; Huffman Encoded<br />
H=0 -&gt; Encoded as a &quot;string&quot;</p>
<h1>index representation</h1>
<p>This is simple table lookup</p>
<pre><code><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-number">5</span> <span class="hljs-number">6</span> <span class="hljs-number">7</span>
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| <span class="hljs-number">1</span> | Index (<span class="hljs-number">7</span>+) |
+---+---------------------------+
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17">
<h1>Static Huffman Code</h1>
<pre><code><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap> code
code as bits as hex len
sym aligned to MSB aligned <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span>
to LSB bits
( <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) |<span class="hljs-number">11111111</span>|<span class="hljs-number">11000</span> <span class="hljs-number">1f</span>f8 [<span class="hljs-number">13</span>]
( <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) |<span class="hljs-number">11111111</span>|<span class="hljs-number">11111111</span>|<span class="hljs-number">1011000</span> <span class="hljs-number">7f</span>ffd8 [<span class="hljs-number">23</span>]
( <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) |<span class="hljs-number">11111111</span>|<span class="hljs-number">11111111</span>|<span class="hljs-number">11111110</span>|<span class="hljs-number">0010</span> fffffe2 [<span class="hljs-number">28</span>]
( <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) |<span class="hljs-number">11111111</span>|<span class="hljs-number">11111111</span>|<span class="hljs-number">11111110</span>|<span class="hljs-number">0011</span> fffffe3 [<span class="hljs-number">28</span>]
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="18">
<h1>dynamic table updates</h1>
<ul>
<li>You can add entries to the table</li>
<li>You can set the table size dynamically</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>This mechanism can be used to completely clear entries from the<br />
dynamic table by setting a maximum size of 0, which can subsequently<br />
be restored.</p>
</blockquote>
</section>
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