6.8 KiB
SHRDLU
SHRDLU
SHRDLU is a program for understanding natural language, written by Terry Winograd at the M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in 1968-70. SHRDLU carried on a simple dialog (via teletype) with a user, about a small world of objects (the BLOCKS world) shown on an early display screen (DEC-340 attached to a PDP-6 computer).
SHRDLU is described in Winograd's dissertation, which was issued as MIT AI Technical Report 235, February 1971 with the title Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language It was published as a full issue of the journal Cognitive Psychology Vol. 3 No 1, 1972, and as a book, Understanding Natural Language (Academic Press, 1972).
SHRDLU was written in MacLisp for the ITS system, vintage 1970. The source code is available at http://hci.stanford.edu/winograd/shrdlu/code and as a TAR file at http://hci.stanford.edu/winograd/shrdlu/code.tar .A discussion of various efforts is on the SHRDLU is at http://www.semaphorecorp.com/misc/shrdlu.html
You can download a Windows text-only console version of SHRDLU implemented in Common Lisp, or a graphical 3-D version implemented with an extra Java layer. Source code is included. These files were supplied by Greg Sharp, and were produced by the UMR student project to resurrect SHRDLU. Double-click the SHRDLU.BAT file in either version to start running. No guarantees.
If you have other questions, contact Terry Winograd <winograd@cs.stanford.edu>. You can also see the story of how SHRDLU got its name.
See more about shrdlu at Wikipedia
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| Original screen display | Later color rendering (Univ. of Utah) |
- The dialog that was used as a SHRDLU demo:
Person: PICK UP A BIG RED BLOCK.:Computer: OK. (does it):Person: GRASP THE PYRAMID.:Computer: I DON'T UNDERSTAND WHICH PYRAMID YOU MEAN.:Person: FIND A BLOCK WHICH IS TALLER THAN THE ONE YOU ARE HOLDING AND PUT IT INTO THE BOX.:Computer: BY "IT", I ASSUME YOU MEAN THE BLOCK WHICH IS TALLER THAN THE ONE I AM HOLDING.:Computer: OK. (does it):Person: WHAT DOES THE BOX CONTAIN?:Computer: THE BLUE PYRAMID AND THE BLUE BLOCK.:Person: WHAT IS THE PYRAMID SUPPORTED BY?:Computer: THE BOX.:Person: HOW MANY BLOCKS ARE NOT IN THE BOX?:Computer: FOUR OF THEM.:Person: IS AT LEAST ONE OF THEM NARROWER THAN THE ONE WHICH I TOLD YOU TO PICK UP?:Computer: YES, THE RED CUBE.:Person: IS IT SUPPORTED?:Computer: YES, BY THE TABLE.:Person: CAN THE TABLE PICK UP BLOCKS?:Computer: NO.:Person: CAN A PYRAMID BE SUPPORTED BY A BLOCK?:Computer: YES.:Person: CAN A PYRAMID SUPPORT A PYRAMID?:Computer: I DON'T KNOW.:Person: STACK UP TWO PYRAMIDS.:Computer: I CAN'T.:Person: WILL YOU PLEASE STACK UP BOTH OF THE RED BLOCKS AND EITHER A GREEN CUBE OR A PYRAMID?:Computer: OK. (does it):Person: WHICH CUBE IS SITTING ON THE TABLE?:Computer: THE LARGE GREEN ONE WHICH SUPPORTS THE RED PYRAMID.:Person: IS THERE A LARGE BLOCK BEHIND A PYRAMID?:Computer: YES, THREE OF THEM: A LARGE RED ONE, A LARGE GREEN CUBE, AND THE BLUE ONE.:Person: PUT A SMALL ONE ONTO THE GREEN CUBE WHICH SUPPORTS A PYRAMID.:Computer: OK. (does it):Person: PUT THE LITTLEST PYRAMID ON TOP OF IT.:Computer: OK. (does it):Person: DOES THE SHORTEST THING THE TALLEST PYRAMID'S SUPPORT SUPPORTS SUPPORT ANYTHING GREEN?:Computer: YES, THE GREEN PYRAMID.:Person: WHAT COLOR IS IT?:Computer: BY "IT", I ASSUME YOU MEAN THE SHORTEST THING THE TALLEST PYRAMID'S SUPPORT SUPPORTS.:Computer: RED:Person: HOW MANY THINGS ARE ON TOP OF GREEN CUBES?:Computer: I'M NOT SURE WHAT YOU MEAN BY "ON TOP OF "IN THE PHRASE "ON TOP OF GREEN CUBES " .:DO YOU MEAN:
1 - DIRECTLY ON THE SURFACE:2 - ANWHERE ON TOP OF ?:Person: 2:Computer: THREE OF THEM.:Person: HAD YOU TOUCHED ANY PYRAMID BEFORE YOU PUT THE GREEN ONE ON THE LITTLE CUBE?:Computer: YES, THE GREEN ONE.:Person: WHEN DID YOU PICK IT UP?:Computer: WHILE I WAS STACKING UP THE RED CUBE, A LARGE RED BLOCK AND A LARGE GREEN CUBE.:Person: WHY?:Computer: TO GET RID OF IT.:Person: WHY DID YOU DO THAT?:Computer: TO CLEAN OFF THE RED CUBE.:Person: WHY DID YOU CLEAR OFF THAT CUBE?:Computer: TO PUT IT ON A LARGE GREEN CUBE.:Person: WHY DID YOU DO THAT?:Computer: TO STACK UP THE RED CUBE , A LARGE RED BLOCK AND A LARGE GREEN CUBE.:Person: WHY DID YOU DO THAT?:Computer: BECAUSE YOU ASKED ME TO.:Person: HOW DID YOU DO IT?:Computer: BY PUTTING A LARGE RED BLOCK ON THE TABLE ; THEN LETTING GO OF IT ; THEN PUTTING A LARGE GREEN CUBE ON IT ; THEN LETTING GO OF THAT CUBE ; THEN PUTTING THE RED CUBE ON THAT CUBE; THEN LETTING GO OF THAT CUBE.:Person: HOW MANY OBJECTS DID YOU TOUCH WHILE YOU WERE DOING IT?:Computer: FOUR OF THEM.:Person: WHAT DID THE RED CUBE SUPPORT BEFORE YOU STARTED TO CLEAN IT OFF?:Computer: THE GREEN PYRAMID.:Person: THERE WERE FIVE BLOCKS TO THE LEFT OF THE BOX THEN.:Computer: NO, ONLY FOUR OF THEM: THE RED CUBE, TWO LARGE GREEN CUBES AND A LARGE RED BLOCK.:Person: PUT THE BLUE PYRAMID ON THE BLOCK IN THE BOX.:Computer: OK. (does it):Person: IS THERE ANYTHING WHICH IS BIGGER THAN EVERY PYRAMID BUT IS NOT AS WIDE AS THE THING THAT SUPPORTS IT?:Computer: YES, THE BLUE BLOCK.:Person: DOES A STEEPLE:Computer interrupting: SORRY, I DON'T KNOW THE WORD "STEEPLE".:Person: A "STEEPLE" IS A STACK WHICH CONTAINS TWO GREEN CUBES AND A PYRAMID.:Computer: I UNDERSTAND.:Person: ARE THERE ANY STEEPLES NOW?:Computer: NO.:Person: BUILD ONE.:Computer: OK. (does it):Person: CALL THE BIGGEST BLOCK "SUPERBLOCK".:Computer: OK.:Person: HAVE YOU PICKED SUPERBLOCK UP SINCE WE BEGAN?:Computer: YES.:Person: WHY DID YOU DROP IT?:Computer: BY "IT", I ASSUME YOU MEAN THE SUPERBLOCK.:I CAN'T EXPLAIN A NON-EXISTENT EVENT.:Person: IS THERE ANYTHING TO THE RIGHT OF THE RED PYRAMID?:Computer: YES, FOUR THINGS: THE BOX , THE RED CUBE, THE BLUE PYRAMID AND THE BLOCK NAMED SUPERBLOCK:Person: THANK YOU.:Computer: YOU'RE WELCOME!