--- created_at: '2017-10-23T10:01:12.000Z' title: Properties of expanding universes (1966) url: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251038 author: vasco points: 105 story_text: comment_text: num_comments: 16 story_id: story_title: story_url: parent_id: created_at_i: 1508752872 _tags: - story - author_vasco - story_15531973 objectID: '15531973' year: 1966 --- [Source](https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251038 "Permalink to Properties of expanding universes") # Properties of expanding universes Toggle navigation ![][1] [View Item ****][2] * __ [ Apollo Home][3] * [School of the Physical Sciences][4] * [Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP)][5] * [Theses - Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics][6] * [View Item][2] * __  [Apollo Home][3] * [School of the Physical Sciences][4] * [Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP)][5] * [Theses - Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics][6] * [View Item][7] ![][8] [Advanced search][9] JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it. ## Browse All of Apollo[__Communities & Collections][10][__Authors][11][__Titles][12][__Keywords][13][__Type][14]This Collection[__Authors][15][__Titles][16][__Keywords][17][__Type][18] ## Statistics [__View Usage Statistics][19] ## Properties of expanding universes ![Thumbnail][20] ##### View / Open Files [__ Thesis - Colour High Resolution (2017) (PDF, 32Mb)][21] [__ Thesis - Original Grayscale (2013, reduced size) (PDF, 12Mb)][22] [__ Thesis - Original Grayscale (2013) (PDF, 72Mb)][23] ##### Authors ![][24]  [Hawking, Stephen][25] ##### Advisors Sciama, Dennis ##### Date 1966-03-15 ##### Awarding Institution University of Cambridge ##### Author Affiliation Faculty of Mathematics. Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics ##### Qualification PhD ##### Type Thesis ##### Metadata [Show full item record][26] ##### Citation Hawking, S. (1966). Properties of expanding universes (doctoral thesis). https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.11283 ##### Description This thesis has been made openly available with the kind permission of Professor Stephen Hawking. ##### Abstract Some implications and consequences of the expansion of the universe are examined. In Chapter 1 it is shown that this expansion creates grave difficulties for the Hoyle-Narlikar theory of gravitation. Chapter 2 deals with perturbations of an expanding homogeneous and isotropic universe. The conclusion is reached that galaxies cannot be formed as a result of the growth of perturbations that were initially small. The propagation and absorption of gravitational radiation is also investigated in this approximation. In Chapter 3 gravitational radiation in an expanding universe is examined by a method of asymptotic expansions. The 'peeling off' behaviour and the asymptotic group are derived. Chapter 4 deals with the occurrence of singularities in cosmological models. It is shown that a singularity is inevitable provided that certain very general conditions are satisfied. ##### Relationships Alternative form(s): ##### Identifiers PhD.5437 This record's DOI:  ##### Rights © Stephen Hawking, All Rights Reserved ## Recommended or similar items    * * * If you believe that any material held in Apollo infringes copyright please follow the guidance in our ['Notice and Take Down' policy][27]. © 2018 University of Cambridge. 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