hn-classics/_stories/1992/8533843.md

---
created_at: '2014-10-30T16:14:32.000Z'
title: Arthur Whitney's One-page Interpreter (1992)
url: http://www.jsoftware.com/jwiki/Essays/Incunabulum
author: chrisdew
points: 59
story_text: ''
comment_text: 
num_comments: 50
story_id: 
story_title: 
story_url: 
parent_id: 
created_at_i: 1414685672
_tags:
- story
- author_chrisdew
- story_8533843
objectID: '8533843'
year: 1992

---
[Source](http://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/Essays/Incunabulum "Permalink to Essays/Incunabulum - J Wiki")

# Essays/Incunabulum - J Wiki

# Essays/Incunabulum

From J Wiki

< [Essays][1]

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One summer weekend in 1989, Arthur Whitney visited Ken Iverson at Kiln Farm and produced—on one page and in one afternoon—an interpreter fragment on the AT&T 3B1 computer. I studied this interpreter for about a week for its organization and programming style; and on Sunday, August 27, 1989, at about four o'clock in the afternoon, wrote the first line of code that became the implementation described in this document. 

Arthur's one-page interpreter fragment is as follows: 
    
    
    typedef char C;typedef long I;
    typedef struct a{I t,r,d[3],p[2];}*A;
    #define P printf
    #define R return
    #define V1(f) A f(w)A w;
    #define V2(f) A f(a,w)A a,w;
    #define DO(n,x) {I i=0,_n=(n);for(;i<_n;++i){x;}}
    I *ma(n){R(I*)malloc(n*4);}mv(d,s,n)I *d,*s;{DO(n,d[i]=s[i]);}
    tr(r,d)I *d;{I z=1;DO(r,z=z*d[i]);R z;}
    A ga(t,r,d)I *d;{A z=(A)ma(5+tr(r,d));z->t=t,z->r=r,mv(z->d,d,r);
     R z;}
    V1(iota){I n=*w->p;A z=ga(0,1,&n);DO(n,z->p[i]=i);R z;}
    V2(plus){I r=w->r,*d=w->d,n=tr(r,d);A z=ga(0,r,d);
     DO(n,z->p[i]=a->p[i]+w->p[i]);R z;}
    V2(from){I r=w->r-1,*d=w->d+1,n=tr(r,d);
     A z=ga(w->t,r,d);mv(z->p,w->p+(n**a->p),n);R z;}
    V1(box){A z=ga(1,0,0);*z->p=(I)w;R z;}
    V2(cat){I an=tr(a->r,a->d),wn=tr(w->r,w->d),n=an+wn;
     A z=ga(w->t,1,&n);mv(z->p,a->p,an);mv(z->p+an,w->p,wn);R z;}
    V2(find){}
    V2(rsh){I r=a->r?*a->d:1,n=tr(r,a->p),wn=tr(w->r,w->d);
     A z=ga(w->t,r,a->p);mv(z->p,w->p,wn=n>wn?wn:n);
     if(n-=wn)mv(z->p+wn,z->p,n);R z;}
    V1(sha){A z=ga(0,1,&w->r);mv(z->p,w->d,w->r);R z;}
    V1(id){R w;}V1(size){A z=ga(0,0,0);*z->p=w->r?*w->d:1;R z;}
    pi(i){P("%d ",i);}nl(){P("n");}
    pr(w)A w;{I r=w->r,*d=w->d,n=tr(r,d);DO(r,pi(d[i]));nl();
     if(w->t)DO(n,P("< ");pr(w->p[i]))else DO(n,pi(w->p[i]));nl();}
    
    C vt[]="+{~<#,";
    A(*vd[])()={0,plus,from,find,0,rsh,cat},
     (*vm[])()={0,id,size,iota,box,sha,0};
    I st[26]; qp(a){R  a>='a'&&a<='z';}qv(a){R a<'a';}
    A ex(e)I *e;{I a=*e;
     if(qp(a)){if(e[1]=='=')R st[a-'a']=ex(e+2);a= st[ a-'a'];}
     R qv(a)?(*vm[a])(ex(e+1)):e[1]?(*vd[e[1]])(a,ex(e+2)):(A)a;}
    noun(c){A z;if(c<'0'||c>'9')R 0;z=ga(0,0,0);*z->p=c-'0';R z;}
    verb(c){I i=0;for(;vt[i];)if(vt[i++]==c)R i;R 0;}
    I *wd(s)C *s;{I a,n=strlen(s),*e=ma(n+1);C c;
     DO(n,e[i]=(a=noun(c=s[i]))?a:(a=verb(c))?a:c);e[n]=0;R e;}
    
    main(){C s[99];while(gets(s))pr(ex(wd(s)));}
    

  

* * *

Contributed by [Roger Hui][4]. From [_An Implementation of J][5]_, Appendix A: Incunabulum, 1992-01-27. 

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Tufte CSS, upgrade jekyll, add metadata, index 2018-02-23 18:58:03 +00:00			`---`
			`created_at: '2014-10-30T16:14:32.000Z'`
			`title: Arthur Whitney's One-page Interpreter (1992)`
			`url: http://www.jsoftware.com/jwiki/Essays/Incunabulum`
			`author: chrisdew`
			`points: 59`
			`story_text: ''`
			`comment_text:`
			`num_comments: 50`
			`story_id:`
			`story_title:`
			`story_url:`
			`parent_id:`
			`created_at_i: 1414685672`
			`_tags:`
			`- story`
			`- author_chrisdew`
			`- story_8533843`
			`objectID: '8533843'`
Adds year as metadata to all stories 2018-06-08 12:05:27 +00:00			`year: 1992`
Tufte CSS, upgrade jekyll, add metadata, index 2018-02-23 18:58:03 +00:00
			`---`
Initial commit 2018-02-23 18:19:40 +00:00			`[Source](http://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/Essays/Incunabulum "Permalink to Essays/Incunabulum - J Wiki")`

			`# Essays/Incunabulum - J Wiki`

			`# Essays/Incunabulum`

			`From J Wiki`

			`< [Essays][1]`

			`Jump to: [navigation][2], [search][3]`

			`One summer weekend in 1989, Arthur Whitney visited Ken Iverson at Kiln Farm and produced—on one page and in one afternoon—an interpreter fragment on the AT&T 3B1 computer. I studied this interpreter for about a week for its organization and programming style; and on Sunday, August 27, 1989, at about four o'clock in the afternoon, wrote the first line of code that became the implementation described in this document.`

			`Arthur's one-page interpreter fragment is as follows:`


			`typedef char C;typedef long I;`
			`typedef struct a{I t,r,d[3],p[2];}*A;`
			`#define P printf`
			`#define R return`
			`#define V1(f) A f(w)A w;`
			`#define V2(f) A f(a,w)A a,w;`
			`#define DO(n,x) {I i=0,_n=(n);for(;i<_n;++i){x;}}`
			`I ma(n){R(I)malloc(n4);}mv(d,s,n)I d,*s;{DO(n,d[i]=s[i]);}`
			`tr(r,d)I d;{I z=1;DO(r,z=zd[i]);R z;}`
			`A ga(t,r,d)I *d;{A z=(A)ma(5+tr(r,d));z->t=t,z->r=r,mv(z->d,d,r);`
			`R z;}`
			`V1(iota){I n=*w->p;A z=ga(0,1,&n);DO(n,z->p[i]=i);R z;}`
			`V2(plus){I r=w->r,*d=w->d,n=tr(r,d);A z=ga(0,r,d);`
			`DO(n,z->p[i]=a->p[i]+w->p[i]);R z;}`
			`V2(from){I r=w->r-1,*d=w->d+1,n=tr(r,d);`
			`A z=ga(w->t,r,d);mv(z->p,w->p+(n**a->p),n);R z;}`
			`V1(box){A z=ga(1,0,0);*z->p=(I)w;R z;}`
			`V2(cat){I an=tr(a->r,a->d),wn=tr(w->r,w->d),n=an+wn;`
			`A z=ga(w->t,1,&n);mv(z->p,a->p,an);mv(z->p+an,w->p,wn);R z;}`
			`V2(find){}`
			`V2(rsh){I r=a->r?*a->d:1,n=tr(r,a->p),wn=tr(w->r,w->d);`
			`A z=ga(w->t,r,a->p);mv(z->p,w->p,wn=n>wn?wn:n);`
			`if(n-=wn)mv(z->p+wn,z->p,n);R z;}`
			`V1(sha){A z=ga(0,1,&w->r);mv(z->p,w->d,w->r);R z;}`
			`V1(id){R w;}V1(size){A z=ga(0,0,0);z->p=w->r?w->d:1;R z;}`
			`pi(i){P("%d ",i);}nl(){P("n");}`
			`pr(w)A w;{I r=w->r,*d=w->d,n=tr(r,d);DO(r,pi(d[i]));nl();`
			`if(w->t)DO(n,P("< ");pr(w->p[i]))else DO(n,pi(w->p[i]));nl();}`

			`C vt[]="+{~<#,";`
			`A(*vd[])()={0,plus,from,find,0,rsh,cat},`
			`(*vm[])()={0,id,size,iota,box,sha,0};`
			`I st[26]; qp(a){R a>='a'&&a<='z';}qv(a){R a<'a';}`
			`A ex(e)I e;{I a=e;`
			`if(qp(a)){if(e[1]=='=')R st[a-'a']=ex(e+2);a= st[ a-'a'];}`
			`R qv(a)?(vm[a])(ex(e+1)):e[1]?(vd[e[1]])(a,ex(e+2)):(A)a;}`
			`noun(c){A z;if(c<'0'\|\|c>'9')R 0;z=ga(0,0,0);*z->p=c-'0';R z;}`
			`verb(c){I i=0;for(;vt[i];)if(vt[i++]==c)R i;R 0;}`
			`I wd(s)C s;{I a,n=strlen(s),*e=ma(n+1);C c;`
			`DO(n,e[i]=(a=noun(c=s[i]))?a:(a=verb(c))?a:c);e[n]=0;R e;}`

			`main(){C s[99];while(gets(s))pr(ex(wd(s)));}`




			`* * *`

			`Contributed by [Roger Hui][4]. From [_An Implementation of J][5]_, Appendix A: Incunabulum, 1992-01-27.`

			`Retrieved from "[http://code.jsoftware.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Essays/Incunabulum&oldid=8624][6]"`

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