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# The Conversation - Wikipedia
# _The Conversation_
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This article is about the 1974 film. For other uses, see [Conversation (disambiguation)][3].
| ----- |
| The Conversation |
| ![Theconversation.jpg][4]
Theatrical release poster
|
| Directed by | [Francis Ford Coppola][5] |
| Produced by | Francis Ford Coppola |
| Written by | Francis Ford Coppola |
| Starring |
* [Gene Hackman][6]
* [John Cazale][7]
* [Allen Garfield][8]
* [Cindy Williams][9]
* [Frederic Forrest][10]
|
| Music by | [David Shire][11] |
| Cinematography | [Bill Butler][12] |
| Edited by |
* [Walter Murch][13]
* [Richard Chew][14]
|
|
Production
company
|
* [The Directors Company][15]
* The Coppola Company
* [American Zoetrope][16]
|
| Distributed by | [Paramount Pictures][17] |
|
Release date
|
* April7,1974(1974-04-07)
* * * * |
|
Running time
| 113 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1.6 million |
| Box office | $4.4 million |
_**The Conversation**_ is a 1974 American [mystery][18] [thriller film][19] written, produced and directed by [Francis Ford Coppola][5] and starring [Gene Hackman][6] with supporting roles by [John Cazale][7], [Allen Garfield][8], [Cindy Williams][9], [Frederic Forrest][10], [Harrison Ford][20], [Teri Garr][21] and [Robert Duvall][22].
The plot revolves around a [surveillance][23] expert and the moral dilemma he faces when his recordings reveal a potential murder. Coppola cited the 1966 film [_Blowup][24]_ as a key influence. However, since the film was released to theaters just a few months before [Richard Nixon][25] resigned as President, he felt that audiences interpreted the film to be a reaction to the [Watergate scandal][26].
_The Conversation_ won the [Grand Prix du Festival International du Film][27], the highest honor at the [1974 Cannes Film Festival][28]. It was nominated for three [Academy Awards][29] in 1974 and lost [Best Picture][30] to [_The Godfather Part II][31]_, another Francis Ford Coppola film. In 1995, it was selected for preservation in the [National Film Registry][32] by the [Library of Congress][33] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Originally, [Paramount Pictures][17] distributed the film worldwide. Paramount retains American rights to this day but international rights are now held by [Miramax Films][34] and [StudioCanal][35] in conjunction with [American Zoetrope][16].
## Contents
* [1 Plot][36]
* [2 Cast][37]
* [3 Production][38]
* [3.1 Inspiration][39]
* [4 Reception][40]
* [4.1 Box office][41]
* [4.2 Critical response][42]
* [4.3 Accolades][43]
* [5 Influence][44]
* [6 See also][45]
* [7 References][46]
* [7.1 Bibliography][47]
* [8 External links][48]
## Plot[[edit][49]]
Harry Caul is a [surveillance][23] expert who runs his own company in San Francisco. Caul is obsessed with his own privacy; his apartment is almost bare behind its triple-locked door and burglar alarm, he uses [pay phones][50] to make calls, claims to have no home telephone and his office is enclosed in wire mesh in a corner of a much larger warehouse. He has no friends, his girlfriend Amy knows nothing about him, and his one hobby is playing along to [jazz][51] records on a [tenor saxophone][52] in the privacy of his apartment.
Caul insists that he is not responsible for the actual content of the conversations he records or the use to which his clients put his surveillance activities. However, he is racked by guilt over a past wiretap job which resulted in the murder of three people. This sense of guilt is amplified by his devout [Catholicism][53].
Caul, his colleague Stan and some freelance associates have taken on the task of bugging the conversation of a couple as they walk through crowded [Union Square][54] in [San Francisco][55], surrounded by a cacophony of background noise. Amid the small-talk, the couple discuss fears that they are being watched, and mention a discreet meeting at a hotel room in a few days. The challenging task of recording this conversation is accomplished by multiple surveillance operatives located in different positions around the square. After Caul has merged and filtered the different tapes, the final result is a sound recording in which the words themselves are crystal clear, but their meaning remains ambiguous.
Caul feels increasingly uneasy about what may happen to the couple once the client hears the tape. He plays the tape again and again, gradually refining its accuracy. He concentrates on one key phrase hidden under the sound of a street musician: "He'd kill us if he got the chance." Caul constantly reinterprets the speakers' subtle emphasis on particular words in this phrase, trying to figure out their meaning in the light of what he suspects and subsequently discovers.
Caul avoids handing in the tape to the aide of the man who commissioned the surveillance. Afterward, he finds himself under increasing pressure from the client's aide and is himself followed, tricked, and bugged. The tape of the conversation is eventually stolen from him in a moment when his guard is down.
Caul eventually discovers the truth: the couple were talking about killing the woman's husband - Caul's client. Caul gets a phone call from his client's assistant, who tells him not to look any further into the matter, and says, "We'll be listening." Caul goes on a frantic search for a listening device, tearing up his apartment to no avail. He sits amid the wreckage, playing the only thing in his apartment left intact: his saxophone.
## Cast[[edit][56]]
* [Gene Hackman][6] as Harry Caul
* [John Cazale][7] as Stan
* [Allen Garfield][8] as William P. "Bernie" Moran
* [Cindy Williams][9] as Ann
* [Frederic Forrest][10] as Mark
* [Harrison Ford][20] as Martin Stett
* [Michael Higgins][57] as Paul
* [Elizabeth MacRae][58] as Meredith
* [Teri Garr][21] as Amy Fredericks
* Mark Wheeler as Receptionist
* [Robert Shields][59] as The Mime
* Phoebe Alexander as Lurleen
* [Robert Duvall][22] as The Director[[1]][60]
## Production[[edit][61]]
Coppola has cited [Michelangelo Antonioni][62]'s [_Blowup][24]_ (1966) as a key influence on his conceptualization of the film's themes, such as surveillance versus participation, and perception versus reality. "Francis had seen [it] a year or two before, and had the idea to fuse the concept of _Blowup_ with the world of audio surveillance."[[2]][63]
On the [DVD][64] commentary, Coppola says he was shocked to learn that the film utilized the very same surveillance and wire-tapping equipment that members of the [Nixon Administration][65] used to spy on political opponents prior to the [Watergate scandal][26]. Coppola has said this is the reason the film gained part of the recognition it has received, but that this is entirely coincidental. Not only was the script for _The Conversation_ completed in the mid-1960s (before the Nixon Administration came to power) but the spying equipment used in the film was discovered through research and the use of technical advisers and not, as many believed, by revelatory newspaper stories about the Watergate break-in. Coppola also noted that filming of _The Conversation_ had been completed several months before the most revelatory Watergate stories broke in the press. Since the film was released to theaters just a few months before [Richard Nixon][25] resigned as President, Coppola felt that audiences interpreted the film to be a reaction to both the Watergate scandal and its fall-out.
The original cinematographer of _The Conversation_ was [Haskell Wexler][66]. Severe creative and personal differences with Coppola led to Wexler's firing shortly after production began and Coppola replaced him with [Bill Butler][12]. Wexler's footage on _The Conversation_ was completely reshot, except for the technically complex surveillance scene in Union Square.[[3]][67] This would be the first of two Oscar-nominated films where Wexler would be fired and replaced by Butler, the second being [_One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest][68]_ (1975), where Wexler had similar problems with [Miloš Forman][69].[[4]][70]
[Walter Murch][13] served as the supervising editor and sound designer. Murch had more or less a free hand during the editing process, since Coppola was already working on [_The Godfather Part II][31]_ at the time.[[5]][71] Coppola noted in the DVD commentary that Hackman had a very difficult time adapting to the Harry Caul character because it was so much unlike himself. Coppola says that Hackman was at the time an outgoing and approachable person who preferred casual clothes, whereas Caul was meant to be a socially awkward loner who wore a rain coat and out-of-style glasses. Coppola said that Hackman's efforts to tap into the character made the actor moody and irritable on-set but otherwise Coppola got along well with his leading man. Coppola also notes on the commentary that Hackman considers this one of his favorite performances.
_The Conversation_ features a piano score composed and performed by [David Shire][11]. The score was created before the film was shot.[[6]][72] On some cues, Shire used [musique concrete][73] techniques, taking the taped sounds of the piano and distorting them in different ways to create alternative tonalities to round out the score. The score was released on CD by [Intrada Records][74] in [2001][75].[[7]][76]
### Inspiration[[edit][77]]
The character of Harry Caul was inspired by surveillance technology expert [Martin Kaiser][78], who also served as a technical consultant on the film.[[8]][79][[9]][80]
According to Kaiser, the final scene of the film - in which Caul is convinced he is being eavesdropped in his apartment, cannot find the listening device, and consoles himself by playing his saxophone - was inspired by the passive [covert listening devices][81] created by [Léon Theremin][82], such as [the Great Seal bug][83]. "He couldn't find out where [the bug] was because it was the instrument itself."[[10]][84]
## Reception[[edit][85]]
### Box office[[edit][86]]
The film made $4,420,000 in its domestic gross on a $1,600,000 budget.
### Critical response[[edit][87]]
The film currently holds 98% on [Rotten Tomatoes][88] with an average of 8.7/10 based on 48 reviews with the consensus: "This tense, paranoid thriller presents Francis Ford Coppola at his finest—and makes some remarkably advanced arguments about technology's role in society that still resonate today."[[11]][89]
[Roger Ebert][90]'s contemporary review gave _The Conversation_ four out of four stars, and described Hackman's portrayal of Caul as "one of the most affecting and tragic characters in the movies."[[12]][91] In 2001, Ebert added _The Conversation_ to his "Great Movies" list, describing Hackman's performance as a "career peak" and writing that the film "comes from another time and place than today's thrillers, which are so often simple-minded."[[13]][92]
In 1995, _The Conversation_ was selected for preservation in the United States [National Film Registry][32] by the [Library of Congress][33] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Gene Hackman has said it's his favorite of all the films he's made. In 2012, the [Motion Picture Editors Guild][93] listed the film as the eleventh best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership.[[14]][94]
### Accolades[[edit][95]]
_The Conversation_ won the [Grand Prix du Festival International du Film][27], the highest honor at the [1974 Cannes Film Festival][28].[[15]][96] The film was also nominated for three [Academy Awards][29] for 1974,[[16]][97] but the [Academy][98] preferred Coppola's [_The Godfather Part II][31]_, unlike critics in the [National Board of Review][99] and the [National Society of Film Critics][100].[[17]][101]
| ----- |
| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref(s) |
| [Best Director - Motion Picture][123] | Francis Ford Coppola | Nominated | | | |
| [Best Screenplay][124] | Francis Ford Coppola | Nominated |
| [Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama][125] | Gene Hackman | Nominated |
| [National Board of Review][99] | [December 25, 1974][126] | [Best Film][127] | _The Conversation_ | Won | [[21]][128] |
| [Best Director][129] | Francis Ford Coppola | Won | | | |
| [Best Actor][130] | Gene Hackman | Won |
| [Top Ten Films][131] | _The Conversation_ | Won |
| [National Society of Film Critics][100] | [January 5, 1975][132] | [Best Director][133] | Francis Ford Coppola | Won | [[22]][134] |
## Influence[[edit][135]]
According to film critic [Kim Newman][136], the 1998 film [_Enemy of the State][137]_, which also stars Gene Hackman as co-protagonist, could be construed as a "continuation of _The Conversation_." Hackman's character in _Enemy of the State_ closely resembles Caul: he dons the same translucent raincoat and his workshop is nearly identical to Caul's. _Enemy of the State_ also includes a scene which is highly similar to _The Conversation'_s opening surveillance scene in San Francisco's Union Square.[[23]][138]
## See also[[edit][139]]
* [List of American films of 1974][140]
* [List of films featuring surveillance][141]
## References[[edit][142]]
1. [**^][143]** Hilditch, Nick (27 February 2002). ["The Conversation (1974)"][144]. [BBC][145]. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
4. [**^][151]** Townsend, Sylvia (19 December 2014). ["Haskell Wexler and the Making of 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'"][152]. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
5. [**^][153]** [Ondaatje 2002][147], p.157.
6. [**^][154]** ["discussion of soundtrack"][155]. Archived from [the original][156] on 15 January 2002. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
7. [**^][157]** Intrada Special Collection Volume 2
8. [**^][158]** ["Martin Kaiser"][159]. _IMDb_. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
9. [**^][160]** Martin Kaiser; Bob Stokes. ["Odyssey of an Eavesdropper"][161]. _Martykaiser.com_. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
10.**[^][162]** GBPPR2 (22 September 2011). ["The Last HOPE: TSCM - A Brief Primer on Electronic Surveillance and "Bug" Detection (Complete)"][163]. Retrieved 22 May 2017 – via YouTube.
11.**[^][164]** Movie Reviews Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes
12.**[^][165]** Ebert, Roger (1974). "[The Conversation][166]," 01 January 1974, Retrieved 28 November 2012
13.**[^][167]** Ebert, Roger (2001). "[The Conversation][168]" 04 February 2001, Retrieved 28 November 2012
14.**[^][169]** ["The 75 Best Edited Films"][170]. _Editors Guild Magazine_. **1** (3). May 2012.
15. ^ _**[a**_][171] _**[b**_][172] ["Festival de Cannes: The Conversation"][173]. _festival-cannes.com_. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
16. ^ _**[a**_][174] _**[b**_][175] ["The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners"][176]. [Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences][98]. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
17.**[^][177]** [Berliner 2010][178], p.61.
18.**[^][179]** ["Film in 1975"][180]. [British Academy of Film and Television Arts][181]. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
19.**[^][182]** ["DGA Awards History"][183]. [Directors Guild of America][117]. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
* Berliner, Todd (2010). _Hollywood Incoherent: Narration in Seventies Cinema_. Austin: University of Texas Press. [ISBN][194][0292739540][195].
* [Ondaatje, Michael][196] (2002). _The Conversations: [Walter Murch][13] and the Art of Editing Film_. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
* Pramaggiore, Maria T.; Wallis, Tom (2005). _[Film: A Critical Introduction_][197]. London: Laurence King Publishing. [ISBN][194][1856694429][198]. Retrieved 22 May 2017 – via [Google Books][199].
## External links[[edit][200]]
| ----- |
| ![][201] | Wikiquote has quotations related to: _**[The Conversation][202]**_ |
* _[The Conversation_][203] at [Rotten Tomatoes][88]
* _[The Conversation_][204] on [IMDb][205]
* _[The Conversation_][206] at the [TCM Movie Database][150]
* _[The Conversation_][207] at [AllMovie][208]
* _[The Conversation_][209] at [Metacritic][210]
* _[The Conversation_][211] at [Box Office Mojo][212]
* _[New York Stories][234]_ (segment "Life Without Zoë", 1989)
* _[The Godfather Part III][235]_ (1990)
* _[Bram Stoker's Dracula][236]_ (1992)
* _[Jack][237]_ (1996)
* _[The Rainmaker][238]_ (1997)
* _[Youth Without Youth][239]_ (2007)
* _[Tetro][240]_ (2009)
* _[Twixt][241]_ (2011)
|
| Written only |
* _[Is Paris Burning?][242]_ (1966)
* _[This Property Is Condemned][243]_ (1966)
* _[Patton][244]_ (1970)
* _[The Great Gatsby][245]_ (1974)
|
| Produced only |
* _[American Graffiti][246]_ (1973)
* _[The Junky's Christmas][247]_ (1993)
* _[Mary Shelley's Frankenstein][248]_ (1994)
* _[Don Juan DeMarco][249]_ (1995)
* _[Lani Loa – The Passage][250]_ (1998)
* _[The Florentine][251]_ (1999)
* _[The Virgin Suicides][252]_ (1999)
|
| Enterprises |
* [American Zoetrope][16]
* _[Zoetrope: All-Story][253]_
* [Rubicon Estate Winery][254]
* [Francis Ford Coppola Presents][255]
|
| ----- |
|
* [v][256]
* [t][257]
* [e][258]
[Palme d'Or][27] winning films
|
|
* _[Union Pacific][259]_ (1939)
* _[Iris and the Lieutenant][260]_ (1946)
* _[The Lost Weekend][261]_ (1946)
* _[The Red Meadows][262]_ (1946)
* _[Brief Encounter][263]_ (1946)
* _[María Candelaria][264]_ (1946)
* _[Neecha Nagar][265]_ (1946)
* _[The Turning Point][266]_ (1946)
* _[La Symphonie pastorale][267]_ (1946)
* _[The Last Chance][268]_ (1946)
* _[Men Without Wings][269]_ (1946)
* _[Rome, Open City][270]_ (1946)
* _[The Third Man][271]_ (1949)
* _[Miss Julie][272]_ (1951)
* _[Miracle in Milan][273]_ (1951)
* _[The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice][274]_ (1951)
* _[Two Cents Worth of Hope][275]_ (1952)
* _[The Wages of Fear][276]_ (1953)
* _[Gate of Hell][277]_ (1954)
* _[Marty][278]_ (1955)
* _[The Silent World][279]_ (1956)
* _[Friendly Persuasion][280]_ (1957)
* _[The Cranes Are Flying][281]_ (1958)
* _[Black Orpheus][282]_ (1959)
* _[La Dolce Vita][283]_ (1960)
* _[The Long Absence][284]_ (1961)
* _[Viridiana][285]_ (1961)
* _[O Pagador de Promessas][286]_ (1962)
* _[The Leopard][287]_ (1963)
* _[The Umbrellas of Cherbourg][288]_ (1964)
* _[The Knack ...and How to Get It][289]_ (1965)
* _[A Man and a Woman][290]_ (1966)
* _[The Birds, the Bees and the Italians][291]_ (1966)
* _[Blowup][24]_ (1967)
* _[if....][292]_ (1969)
* _[MASH][293]_ (1970)
* _[The Go-Between][294]_ (1971)
* _[The Working Class Goes to Heaven][295]_ (1972)
* _[The Mattei Affair][296]_ (1972)
* _[The Hireling][297]_ (1973)
* _[Scarecrow][298]_ (1973)
* _The Conversation_ (1974)
* _[Chronicle of the Years of Fire][299]_ (1975)
* _[Taxi Driver][300]_ (1976)
* _[Padre Padrone][301]_ (1977)
* _[The Tree of Wooden Clogs][302]_ (1978)
* _[Apocalypse Now][224]_ (1979)
* _[The Tin Drum][303]_ (1979)
* _[All That Jazz][304]_ (1980)
* _[Kagemusha][305]_ (1980)
* _[Man of Iron][306]_ (1981)
* _[Missing][307]_ (1982)
* _[Yol][308]_ (1982)
* _[The Ballad of Narayama][309]_ (1983)
* _[Paris, Texas][310]_ (1984)
* _[When Father Was Away on Business][311]_ (1985)
* _[The Mission][312]_ (1986)
* _[Under the Sun of Satan][313]_ (1987)
* _[Pelle the Conqueror][314]_ (1988)
* _[Sex, Lies, and Videotape][315]_ (1989)
* _[Wild at Heart][316]_ (1990)
* _[Barton Fink][317]_ (1991)
* _[The Best Intentions][318]_ (1992)
* _[Farewell My Concubine][319]_ (1993)
* _[The Piano][320]_ (1993)
* _[Pulp Fiction][321]_ (1994)
* _[Underground][322]_ (1995)
* _[Secrets & Lies][323]_ (1996)
* _[Taste of Cherry][324]_ (1997)
* _[The Eel][325]_ (1997)
* _[Eternity and a Day][326]_ (1998)
* _[Rosetta][327]_ (1999)
* _[Dancer in the Dark][328]_ (2000)
* _[The Son's Room][329]_ (2001)
* _[The Pianist][330]_ (2002)
* _[Elephant][331]_ (2003)
* _[Fahrenheit 9/11][332]_ (2004)
* _[The Child][333]_ (2005)
* _[The Wind That Shakes the Barley][334]_ (2006)
* _[4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days][335]_ (2007)
* _[The Class][336]_ (2008)
* _[The White Ribbon][337]_ (2009)
* _[Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives][338]_ (2010)
* _[The Tree of Life][339]_ (2011)
* _[Amour][340]_ (2012)
* _[Blue Is the Warmest Colour][341]_ (2013)
* _[Winter Sleep][342]_ (2014)
* _[Dheepan][343]_ (2015)
* _[I, Daniel Blake][344]_ (2016)
* _[The Square][345]_ (2017)
|
![][346]
Retrieved from "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Conversation&oldid=826447132][347]"
[Categories][348]:
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* [American Zoetrope films][355]
* [Films about security and surveillance][356]
* [Films directed by Francis Ford Coppola][357]
* [Films set in the San Francisco Bay Area][358]
* [Films set in San Francisco][359]
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[120]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd_Golden_Globe_Awards "32nd Golden Globe Awards"
[121]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_-_Drama "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama"
[122]: https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-20
[123]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director_-_Motion_Picture "Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture"
[124]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay "Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay"
[125]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture_-_Drama "Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama"
[126]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Awards_1974 "National Board of Review Awards 1974"
[127]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Film "National Board of Review Award for Best Film"
[128]: https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-21
[129]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director "National Board of Review Award for Best Director"
[130]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor "National Board of Review Award for Best Actor"
[131]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Board_of_Review:_Top_Ten_Films "National Board of Review: Top Ten Films"
[132]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Awards "1974 National Society of Film Critics Awards"
[133]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Director "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director"
[362]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%3AScreenplays_by_Francis_Ford_Coppola "Category:Screenplays by Francis Ford Coppola"
[363]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%3AUnited_States_National_Film_Registry_films "Category:United States National Film Registry films"
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[365]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AMyTalk "Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]"
[366]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%3AMyContributions "A list of edits made from this IP address [y]"
[367]: /w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=The+Conversation "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"
[368]: /w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=The+Conversation "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]"
[369]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conversation "View the content page [c]"
[370]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3AThe_Conversation "Discussion about the content page [t]"
