---
created_at: '2015-09-16T04:57:02.000Z'
title: Nietzsche – The Dionysian Impulse (2009)
url: http://harpers.org/blog/2009/07/nietzsche-the-dionysian-impulse/
author: diodorus
points: 54
story_text: 
comment_text: 
num_comments: 9
story_id: 
story_title: 
story_url: 
parent_id: 
created_at_i: 1442379422
_tags:
- story
- author_diodorus
- story_10224766
objectID: '10224766'

---
[Source](https://harpers.org/blog/2009/07/nietzsche-the-dionysian-impulse/ "Permalink to Nietzsche – The Dionysian Impulse | Harper&#039;s Magazine")

# Nietzsche – The Dionysian Impulse | Harper&#039;s Magazine

[Close][2]

![][3]

[Close][2]

* [SIGN IN to access _Harper’s Magazine_][4]
* [Need help?][5]

SIGN IN to access _Harper’s Magazine_

[Close   X][4]

Need to create a login? Want to change your email address or password? Forgot your password?   
  
1\. Sign in to [Customer Care][6] using your account number or postal address.   
2\. Select Email/Password Information.   
3\. Enter your new information and click on Save My Changes.   
  
Subscribers can find additional help [here][5]. Not a subscriber? [Subscribe today!][7]

* * * * * [Subscribe][7]
* * [Current Issue][8]
* * [Blog][9]
* * [Archive][10]
* * [Store][11]
* * [About][12]
    * [History][13]
    * [Contact][14]
    * [Masthead][15]
    * [Submissions][16]
    * [Internships][17]
    * [Advertising][18]
    * [Find a Newsstand][19]
    * [Media][20]
    * [FAQ][5]
* Search

![][21]

February 23, 2018: [[Conspiracy theories][22]][[1980 Olympic Games][23]][[Aleppo][24]][[AR-15 rifle][25]]

![][26]

[< Newer Post][27] | [Older Post >][28]

[No Comment][29], [Quotation][30] — July 25, 2009, 6:50 am 

## Nietzsche – The Dionysian Impulse

By [Scott Horton][31]

Share 

Single Page

[Print Page][2]

![caravaggio-bacchus-1596][32]

_Entweder durch den Einfluß des narkotischen Getränkes, von dem alle ursprünglichen Menschen und Völker in Hymnen sprechen, oder bei dem gewaltigen, die ganze Natur lustvoll durchdringenden Nahen des Frühlings erwachen jene dionysischen Regungen, in deren Steigerung das Subjective zu völliger Selbstvergessenheit hinschwindet. Auch im deutschen Mittelalter wälzten sich unter der gleichen dionysischen Gewalt immer wachsende Schaaren, singend und tanzend, von Ort zu Ort…. Es giebt Menschen, die, aus Mangel an Erfahrung oder aus Stumpfsinn, sich von solchen Erscheinungen wie von „Volkskrankheiten", spöttisch oder bedauernd im Gefühl der eigenen Gesundheit abwenden: die Armen ahnen freilich nicht, wie leichenfarbig und gespenstisch eben diese ihre „Gesundheit" sich ausnimmt, wenn an ihnen das glühende Leben dionysischer Schwärmer vorüberbraust._

Either through the influence of the narcotic drink, of which the hymns of all aboriginal humans and peoples speak, or with the envigorating springtime’s awakening that fills all nature with passion, these Dionysian impulses find their source, and as they grow in intensity everything subjective vanishes into complete loss of self-recognition. Even in the German Middle Ages singing and dancing crowds, ever increasing in number, moved from place to place under this same Dionysian impulse…. There are people who, from the lack of experience or thick-headedness, turn away from such manifestations as from “folk-diseases,” mocking or with pity derived from their own sense of a superior health. But of course these poor people have no idea how corpse-like and ghostly their so-called “health” looks when the glowing life of the Dionysian swarm buzzes past them.

—**Friedrich Nietzsche**, _Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik_ (1872) in _Werke in drei Bänden_, vol. 1, p. 24 (K. Schlechta ed. 1973)(S.H. transl.)

* * *

In classical antiquity, thinkers were quick to associate specific kinds of music with certain categories of human behavior. There was the music of a certain type of clay flute, which was associated with schizophrenia or insanity. There was the music of the lyre and other forms of string instruments, associated with mathematics and the intellectual process. There was the music of wind instruments and drums, associated with overpowering emotion and lust. Humankind, the earth and the other celestial bodies were propelled by music, they felt. So understanding the cosmos without and within the human being depended on an appreciation of music. Unfortunately, though these ideas are often and emphatically expressed, we have only a very vague idea of the actual music that the ancients had in mind–that because there was no reliable notation system for music at the time. Later scholars tended to dismiss all these writings about the power of music as some quaint eccentricity.

Then came Friedrich Nietzsche. Today he’s known for _Zarathustra_ and _Beyond Good and Evil_ more than his other writings. But his very first book–composed by a 27-year-old university professor, which differs sharply in style from the later writings–actually presents some of Nietzsche’s most radical and novel thinking. And it gives a central role to music. He calls it _The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music_ and that precisely describes his thesis. He puts forward the idea that the heyday of classic Athenian drama, the age of Aeschylus and Sophocles, was a logical development from Greek traditions of music, song and dance. He breaks this tradition into two tendencies, the Apollonian and the Dionysian. The Apollonian follows Schopenhauer’s principle of individuation, it stresses the gentle reign of reason and intellect, pushing life to a somewhat unnatural ordering. The Dionysian is its exact opposite–it is governed by emotions and particularly passions, sometimes whipped to a self-destructive frenzy of excess. The Dionysian suppresses his intellect to live as one with nature, and wine plays an essential role in his cult. In the quoted passage, Nietzsche looks at the exuberance of the Dionysian spirit and he traces it through history. It is, he says a sort of springtime’s awakening (incidentally, this is the line from which the German-American playwright Frank Wedekind takes the title of his important play–in which youthful sexuality faces the suppression of a rigidly Apollonian school system). The age of Aeschylus marks an important synthesis between these Apollonian and Dionysian tendencies–a synthesis that dissolved with the rise of Euripides and Socrates, with their elevation of the Apollonian over the Dionysian. But Nietzsche understands the totality of European intellectual and artistic tradition as the product of interaction between the Apollonian and Dionysian tendencies–the greater the friction between them, the greater the art which results.

Nietzsche’s writing was completely out of tune with the classical philology of his era, and to his contemporaries the work was viewed as heretical, and even a bit daft. Today, of course, Nietzsche’s distillation of the Apollonian and Dionysian tendencies is viewed as a brilliant insight into the classical text, and it has exercised enormous influence on subsequent European intellectual history. The musical aspect of Nietzsche’s work–the notion that specific forms of music can be associated with the Apollonian and the Dionysian tendencies in human nature, and that a musical reconciliation of these tendencies is needed–is somewhat overlooked. Nietzsche looks to the music of his own age for examples, and he presents a case for Richard Wagner generally and his opera _Tristan und Isolde_ in particular. The opera is based on Gottfried von Strassburg’s medieval romance of a forbidden and ill-fated romance, but Nietzsche sees in it–and especially in the ecstatic Liebestod scene–a full expression of the Dionysian spirit of unbridled passion. He wrote, “I simply cannot bring myself to remain critically aloof from this music; every nerve in me is atwitch, and it has been a long time since I had such a lasting sense of ecstasy as with this overture." (Nietzsche and Wagner would later part ways, over the Christianity that triumphs in Wagner’s _Parzifal_, but his view of _Tristan_ never changed.)

_Listen_ to Wagner’s orchestral version of the Prelude and Liebestod from his opera _Tristan und Isolde_ as performed by the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Mariss Jansons in the Grand Philharmonic Hall of St Petersburg on April 26, 2009:

* * *

Caravaggio’s painting of Bacchus was derided by some critics as not a Greek god, but a young male prostitute who was entertained by Caravaggio in the home of his patron Cardinal del Monte in Rome. He is identified as Bacchus (which is Dionysus in Latin) by the band of grapes in his hair, and by the outstretched glass of wine, which he has obviously already tasted. But in Nietzsche’s view there is no real distinction between the young prostitute and Dionysus–they speak for the same force.

Share 

Single Page

[Print Page][2]

More from Scott Horton:

[Conversation][33] — August 5, 2016, 12:08 pm 

## [Lincoln’s Party][34]

Sidney Blumenthal on the origins of the Republican Party, the fallout from Clinton's emails, and his new biography of Abraham Lincoln

[Conversation][33] — March 30, 2016, 3:44 pm 

## [Burn Pits][35]

Joseph Hickman discusses his new book, _The Burn Pits,_ which tells the story of thousands of U.S. soldiers who, after returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, have developed rare cancers and respiratory diseases.

[Context][36], [No Comment][29] — August 28, 2015, 12:16 pm 

## [Beltway Secrecy][37]

In five easy lessons

# [Get access to 167 years of  
Harper's for only $45.99][7]

Full Name ![][38]

Email ![][38]

Address ![][38]

City ![][38]

State/Province ![][38]

Zip/Postal Code ![][38]

Country ![][38]

United States Canada

## CATEGORIES

[[Annotation][39]]  
[[Appraisal][40]]  
[[Appreciation][41]]  
[[Ars Philosopha][42]]  
[[Art][43]]  
[[Browsings][44]]  
[[Caption][45]]  
[[Close Reading][46]]  
[[Coda][47]]  
[[Commentary][48]]  
[[Context][49]]  
[[Controversy][50]]  
[[Conversation][51]]  
[[Declamation][52]]  
[[Diary][53]]  
[[Dispatch][54]]  
[[Editor's Note][55]]  
[[Essay][56]]  
[[Excerpt][57]]  
[[Film][58]]  
[[From the Magazine][59]]  
[[From the Vault][60]]  
[[Harper's Finest][61]]  
[[Harper's in the News][62]]  
[[Heart of Empire][63]]  
[[Honors][64]]  
[[How-to][65]]  
[[Index][66]]  
[[Letter from Washington][67]]  
[[Links][68]]  
[[Memento Mori][69]]  
[[Mentions][70]]  
[[Miscellany][71]]  
[[Monday Gallery][72]]  
[[Mr. Fish][73]]  
[[New York Revisited][74]]  
[[No Comment][75]]  
[[Official Business][76]]  
[[Online Exclusive][77]]  
[[Oral History][78]]  
[[Oral History][79]]  
[[Personal and Otherwise][80]]  
[[Perspective][81]]  
[[Photography][82]]  
[[Political Asylum][83]]  
[[Postcard][84]]  
[[Postcard][85]]  
[[Précis][86]]  
[[Public Record][87]]  
[[Publisher's Note][88]]  
[[Quiz][89]]  
[[Quotation][90]]  
[[Reading Journal][91]]  
[[Readings][92]]  
[[Response][93]]  
[[Satire][94]]  
[[Sentences][95]]  
[[Six Questions][96]]  
[[Sketch][97]]  
[[Sketch][98]]  
[[Special Feature][99]]  
[[Studio Window][100]]  
[[Suggestion][101]]  
[[Supplemental Listening][102]]  
[[Supplemental Reading][103]]  
[[The Anti-Economist][104]]  
[[Theory][105]]  
[[Washington Babylon][106]]  
[[Weekly Review][107]]  

[SUBSCRIBE TODAY][7]

## [Get Harper's in print, instant digital access & our 167-year archive—all for $45.99][7]

![][108]

### [Want Harper's in your inbox?][109]

[Digital Subscription][109]

## [THE CURRENT ISSUE][8]

[ ![][110] ][8]

## [March 2018][8]

##  [The Great Divide][111] ![][38]

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

By [Maddy Crowell][113]

##  [Nobody Knows][114] ![][38]

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

By [Rebecca Solnit][115]

##  [The Other Whisper Network][116] ![][38]

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

By [Katie Roiphe][117]

##  [The Infinity of the Small][118] ![][38]

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

By [Alan Lightman][119]

##  [Empty Suits][120] ![][38]

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

By [Ian MacDougall][121]

[view Table Content][8]

## FEATURED ON HARPERS.ORG

![][122]

Article

[The Other Whisper Network][123]·

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

By [Katie Roiphe][117]

No one would talk to me for this piece. Or rather, more than twenty women talked to me, sometimes for hours at a time, but only after I promised to leave out their names, and give them what I began to call deep anonymity. This was strange, because what they were saying did not always seem that extreme. Yet here in my living room, at coffee shops, in my inbox and on my voicemail, were otherwise outspoken female novelists, editors, writers, real estate agents, professors, and journalists of various ages so afraid of appearing politically insensitive that they wouldn't put their names to their thoughts, and I couldn't blame them. 

Of course, the prepublication frenzy of Twitter fantasy and fury about this essay, which exploded in early January, is Exhibit A for why nobody wants to speak openly. Before the piece was even finished, let alone published, people were calling me "pro-rape," "human scum," a "harridan," a "monster out of Stephen King's 'IT,'?" a "ghoul," a "bitch," and a "garbage person"—all because of a rumor that I was planning to name the creator of the so-called Shitty Media Men list. The Twitter feminist Jessica Valenti called this prospect "profoundly shitty" and "incredibly dangerous" without having read a single word of my piece. Other tweets were more direct: "man if katie roiphe actually publishes that article she can consider her career over." "Katie Roiphe can suck my dick." With this level of thought policing, who in their right mind would try to say anything even mildly provocative or original? 

Illustration by Shonagh Rae

![][124]

Article

[Pushing the Limit][125]·

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

By [Alexandra Starr][126]

In the early Eighties, Andy King, the coach of the Seawolves, a swim club in Danville, California, instructed Debra Denithorne, aged twelve, to do doubles — to practice in the morning and the afternoon. King told Denithorne's parents that he saw in her the potential to receive a college scholarship, and even to compete in the Olympics. Tall swimmers have an advantage in the water, and by the time Denithorne turned thirteen, she was five foot eight. She dropped soccer and a religious group to spend more time at the pool.

Illustration by Shonagh Rae

![][127]

Post

[CamperForce][128]·

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

By [Brett Story][129], [Jessica Bruder][130]

![][131]After losing their savings in the stock market crash of 2008, seniors Barb and Chuck find seasonal employment at Amazon fulfillment centers.

## ![][132]

Amount one Colorado county spent in January 2016 to arm school security with assault rifles:

### $12,000

[JULY 2016 >][133] [SEARCH >][134]

## ![][135]

A rabbit brain was frozen and thawed without destroying its memories.

[APRIL 2016 >][136] [SEARCH >][137]

## ![][138]

The shooter discarded his AR-15 semiautomatic weapon, the model used in six of America's ten deadliest mass shootings and referred to by the NRA as "America's rifle," and then fled to a nearby Walmart, where customers can buy rifles but cannot purchase music with lyrics that contain the word "fuck."

[SIGN UP >][4] [SOURCE >][139] [MORE >][140]

## ![][138]

[Close  X][4]

Subscribe to the Weekly Review newsletter. Don't worry, we won't sell your email address!

![][3]

## [HARPER’S FINEST][10]

[Report][141] — From the [June 2013 issue

##  [How to Make Your Own AR-15][142] ![][38]

![][38] = Subscribers only.  
Sign in [here][112].  
Subscribe [here][7].

## By [Dan Baum][143]

"Gun owners have long been the hypochondriacs of American politics. Over the past twenty years, the gun-rights movement has won just about every battle it has fought; states have passed at least a hundred laws loosening gun restrictions since President Obama took office. Yet the National Rifle Association has continued to insist that government confiscation of privately owned firearms is nigh. The NRA's alarmism helped maintain an active membership, but the strategy was risky: sooner or later, gun guys might have realized that they'd been had. Then came the shootings at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, and at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, followed swiftly by the nightmare the NRA had been promising for decades: a dedicated push at every level of government for new gun laws. The gun-rights movement was now that most insufferable of species: a hypochondriac taken suddenly, seriously ill."

[Subscribe Today][7]

![][144]

* [Subscribe][7]
* [Current Issue][8]
* [Blog][9]
* [Archive][10]
* [About][13]
* [History][13],  [Contact][14],   [Masthead][15],   [Submissions][16],   [Internships][17]
* |
* [Advertising][18],  [Classifieds][145],  [Where to Buy][19],  [Media][20],  [FAQ][5]
* |
* [Customer Care][6]
* |
* [Store][11]

© 2017 Harper’s Magazine Foundation. Cover: Illustration by Lincoln Agnew. Source photographs: ClassicStock/Alamy; © Declan Haun/Chicago History Museum/Getty Images; © David Turnley/Corbis/Getty Images; © IPGGutenbergUKLtd

Many features on this website require JavaScript.You can enable JavaScript via your browser preference settings.

[1]: https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=288136928333066&ev=PageView
&noscript=1
[2]: javascript:void(0);
[3]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/themes/harpers/images/ajax_loader.gif
[4]: https://harpers.org#
[5]: https://harpers.org/faq/
[6]: https://w1.buysub.com/servlet/CSGateway?cds_mag_code=PRS
[7]: https://w1.buysub.com/servlet/OrdersGateway?cds_mag_code=PRS&cds_page_id=124427
[8]: https://harpers.org/archive/2018/03/
[9]: https://harpers.org/blog/
[10]: https://harpers.org/archive/
[11]: http://store.harpers.org
[12]: javascript:void(0)
[13]: https://harpers.org/history/
[14]: https://harpers.org/contact/
[15]: https://harpers.org/masthead/
[16]: https://harpers.org/submissions/
[17]: https://harpers.org/internships/
[18]: https://harpers.org/advertising/
[19]: https://harpers.org/find-a-newsstand/
[20]: https://harpers.org/press/
[21]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/themes/harpers/images/logoBlack.png
[22]: https://harpers.org/blog/tag/conspiracy-theories/
[23]: https://harpers.org/blog/tag/olympic-games-22nd-1980-moscow-russia/
[24]: https://harpers.org/blog/tag/aleppo-syria/
[25]: https://harpers.org/blog/tag/ar-15-rifle/
[26]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/themes/harpers/images/harper_stream.png
[27]: https://harpers.org/blog/2009/07/catullus-nothing-endures/
[28]: https://harpers.org/blog/2009/07/links-61/
[29]: https://harpers.org/blog/no-comment/
[30]: https://harpers.org/blog/quotation/
[31]: https://harpers.org/author/scotthorton/ "Posts by Scott Horton"
[32]: http://harpers.org/wp-content/uploads/caravaggio-bacchus-1596.jpg "caravaggio-bacchus-1596"
[33]: https://harpers.org/blog/conversation/
[34]: https://harpers.org/blog/2016/08/lincolns-party/
[35]: https://harpers.org/blog/2016/03/burn-pits/
[36]: https://harpers.org/blog/context/
[37]: https://harpers.org/blog/2015/08/beltway-secrecy/
[38]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/themes/harpers/images/bulletRed.png
[39]: https://harpers.org/blog/annotation/ "View all posts in Annotation"
[40]: https://harpers.org/blog/appraisal/ "View all posts in Appraisal"
[41]: https://harpers.org/blog/appreciation/ "View all posts in Appreciation"
[42]: https://harpers.org/blog/ars-philosopha/ "View all posts in Ars Philosopha"
[43]: https://harpers.org/blog/art/ "View all posts in Art"
[44]: https://harpers.org/blog/browsings/ "View all posts in Browsings"
[45]: https://harpers.org/blog/caption/ "View all posts in Caption"
[46]: https://harpers.org/blog/close-reading/ "View all posts in Close Reading"
[47]: https://harpers.org/blog/coda/ "View all posts in Coda"
[48]: https://harpers.org/blog/commentary/ "View all posts in Commentary"
[49]: https://harpers.org/blog/context/ "View all posts in Context"
[50]: https://harpers.org/blog/controversy-cat/ "View all posts in Controversy"
[51]: https://harpers.org/blog/conversation/ "View all posts in Conversation"
[52]: https://harpers.org/blog/declamation/ "View all posts in Declamation"
[53]: https://harpers.org/blog/diary/ "View all posts in Diary"
[54]: https://harpers.org/blog/dispatch/ "View all posts in Dispatch"
[55]: https://harpers.org/blog/editors-note/ "View all posts in Editor's Note"
[56]: https://harpers.org/blog/essay/ "View all posts in Essay"
[57]: https://harpers.org/blog/excerpt/ "View all posts in Excerpt"
[58]: https://harpers.org/blog/film/ "View all posts in Film"
[59]: https://harpers.org/blog/from-the-magazine/ "View all posts in From the Magazine"
[60]: https://harpers.org/blog/from-the-vault/ "View all posts in From the Vault"
[61]: https://harpers.org/blog/harpers-finest/ "View all posts in Harper's Finest"
[62]: https://harpers.org/blog/harpers-in-the-news/ "View all posts in Harper's in the News"
[63]: https://harpers.org/blog/heart-of-empire/ "View all posts in Heart of Empire"
[64]: https://harpers.org/blog/honors/ "View all posts in Honors"
[65]: https://harpers.org/blog/how-to/ "View all posts in How-to"
[66]: https://harpers.org/blog/index/ "View all posts in Index"
[67]: https://harpers.org/blog/letter-from-washington/ "View all posts in Letter from Washington"
[68]: https://harpers.org/blog/links-cat/ "View all posts in Links"
[69]: https://harpers.org/blog/memento-mori/ "View all posts in Memento Mori"
[70]: https://harpers.org/blog/mentions/ "View all posts in Mentions"
[71]: https://harpers.org/blog/miscellany/ "View all posts in Miscellany"
[72]: https://harpers.org/blog/monday-gallery/ "View all posts in Monday Gallery"
[73]: https://harpers.org/blog/mr-fish/ "View all posts in Mr. Fish"
[74]: https://harpers.org/blog/new-york-revisited/ "View all posts in New York Revisited"
[75]: https://harpers.org/blog/no-comment/ "View all posts in No Comment"
[76]: https://harpers.org/blog/official-business/ "View all posts in Official Business"
[77]: https://harpers.org/blog/online-exclusive/ "View all posts in Online Exclusive"
[78]: https://harpers.org/blog/oral-history-art/ "View all posts in Oral History"
[79]: https://harpers.org/blog/oral-history/ "View all posts in Oral History"
[80]: https://harpers.org/blog/persons-and-otherwise/ "View all posts in Personal and Otherwise"
[81]: https://harpers.org/blog/perspective/ "View all posts in Perspective"
[82]: https://harpers.org/blog/photography/ "View all posts in Photography"
[83]: https://harpers.org/blog/political-asylum/ "View all posts in Political Asylum"
[84]: https://harpers.org/blog/postcard/ "View all posts in Postcard"
[85]: https://harpers.org/blog/postcard-art/ "View all posts in Postcard"
[86]: https://harpers.org/blog/precis/ "View all posts in Précis"
[87]: https://harpers.org/blog/public-record/ "View all posts in Public Record"
[88]: https://harpers.org/blog/publishers-note/ "View all posts in Publisher's Note"
[89]: https://harpers.org/blog/quiz-art/ "View all posts in Quiz"
[90]: https://harpers.org/blog/quotation/ "View all posts in Quotation"
[91]: https://harpers.org/blog/reading-journal/ "View all posts in Reading Journal"
[92]: https://harpers.org/blog/readings/ "View all posts in Readings"
[93]: https://harpers.org/blog/response/ "View all posts in Response"
[94]: https://harpers.org/blog/satire/ "View all posts in Satire"
[95]: https://harpers.org/blog/sentences/ "View all posts in Sentences"
[96]: https://harpers.org/blog/sixquestions/ "View all posts in Six Questions"
[97]: https://harpers.org/blog/sketch/ "View all posts in Sketch"
[98]: https://harpers.org/blog/sketch-art/ "View all posts in Sketch"
[99]: https://harpers.org/blog/special-feature/ "View all posts in Special Feature"
[100]: https://harpers.org/blog/studio-window/ "View all posts in Studio Window"
[101]: https://harpers.org/blog/suggestion/ "View all posts in Suggestion"
[102]: https://harpers.org/blog/supplemental-listening/ "View all posts in Supplemental Listening"
[103]: https://harpers.org/blog/supplemental-reading/ "View all posts in Supplemental Reading"
[104]: https://harpers.org/blog/anti-economist/ "View all posts in The Anti-Economist"
[105]: https://harpers.org/blog/theory/ "View all posts in Theory"
[106]: https://harpers.org/blog/washington-babylon/ "View all posts in Washington Babylon"
[107]: https://harpers.org/blog/weekly-review-cat/ "View all posts in Weekly Review"
[108]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/subscribe_image_small.png
[109]: https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/manage/optin?v=001iby_iqM37oAk8zPz235uGyYWHIIr32dqvgJo6iKqaPDX4eOIsxzmCCBf7BXv2fX1WTAPYZYw3Ivmxs4zAJdtWdWzrmKxUwl5WKDXd25Se7USJ_6U4RPLUx-o7u4tz21z
[110]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Screen-Shot-2018-02-10-at-7.44.45-AM.png
[111]: https://harpers.org/archive/2018/03/the-great-divide-2/
[112]: https://harpers.org/login/
[113]: https://harpers.org/author/maddycrowell/ "Posts by Maddy Crowell"
[114]: https://harpers.org/archive/2018/03/nobody-knows-3/
[115]: https://harpers.org/author/rebeccasolnit/ "Posts by Rebecca Solnit"
[116]: https://harpers.org/archive/2018/03/the-other-whisper-network-2/
[117]: https://harpers.org/author/katieroiphe/ "Posts by Katie Roiphe"
[118]: https://harpers.org/archive/2018/03/the-infinity-of-the-small/
[119]: https://harpers.org/author/alanplightman/ "Posts by Alan Lightman"
[120]: https://harpers.org/archive/2018/03/empty-suits/
[121]: https://harpers.org/author/ianmacdougall/ "Posts by Ian MacDougall"
[122]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02harperswebKR400_1_.jpg
[123]: https://harpers.org/archive/2018/02/the-other-whisper-network/
[124]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10HarpersWeb2017-11-Starr-400.png
[125]: https://harpers.org/archive/2017/11/pushing-the-limit/
[126]: https://harpers.org/author/alexandrastarr/ "Posts by Alexandra Starr"
[127]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12CAMPERFORCE400.jpg
[128]: https://harpers.org/blog/weekly-review-cat/
[129]: https://harpers.org/author/brettstory/ "Posts by Brett Story"
[130]: https://harpers.org/author/jessicabruder/ "Posts by Jessica Bruder"
[131]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Screen-Shot-2017-12-18-at-10.05.14-AM.png
[132]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/themes/harpers/images/index_off.png
[133]: https://harpers.org/archive/2016/07
[134]: https://harpers.org/harpers-index/
[135]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/themes/harpers/images/findings_off.png
[136]: https://harpers.org/archive/2016/04/
[137]: https://harpers.org/findings
[138]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/themes/harpers/images/weekly_off.png
[139]: https://harpers.org/blog/2018/02/weekly-review-46/
[140]: https://harpers.org/blog/category/weekly-review
[141]: https://harpers.org/departments/report/
[142]: https://harpers.org/archive/2013/06/how-to-make-your-own-ar-15/
[143]: https://harpers.org/author/danbaum/ "Posts by Dan Baum"
[144]: https://harpers.org/wp-content/themes/harpers/images/footerLogo.png
[145]: https://harpers.org/classifieds/

